Neodymium - ASCII Periodic Table of the Elements

ASCII PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

  Nd

Relative atomic mass: 144.242 +- 0.003

English: Neodymium
French: Neodyme
Croatian: Neodimij
German: Neodym
Italian: Neodimio
Spanish: Neodimio

Atomic number: 60
Group numbers: 3
Period: 6
Standard state (20 ^oC): solid

Discovery: 1885 Carl Freiherr Auer von Welsbach (AT)

Neodymium was discovered by Carl Freiherr Auer von Welsbach (AT) in 1885. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words neos didymos meaning new twin. It is a silvery-white, rare-earth metal that oxidizes easily in air and reacts slowly in cold water, but more rapidly as heated. Metal ignites and burns readily. Neodymium is made from electrolysis of its halide salts, which are made from monazite sand. It is used in making artificial ruby for lasers, in ceramics and for a special lens with praseodymium, also to produce bright purple glass and special glass that filters infrared radiation. Misch metal, used in the manufacture of pyrophoric alloys for cigarette lighters, contains about 18% neodymium metal. (Typically composition of misch metal are Ce:Nd:Pr:La:Other rare earth=50:18:6:22:4). Neodymium is used to create some of the most powerful permanent magnets on Earth, known as NIB magnets they consist of neodymium, iron, and boron. The price of 99.9 % pure neodymium ingot is 146.70 € for 100 g.

Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²
Formal oxidation number: +3
Atomic radius: 181.4 pm

Electronegativities: 1.14
Thermal conductivity: 16.5 W/(m K)
Electrical resistivity (20 ^oC): 64 microOhm cm

Melting point: 1021 ^oC
Boiling point: 3074 ^oC

Heat of fusion: 7.113 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 328 kJ/mol
Heat of atomization: 328.57 kJ/mol